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Auction: 23003 - Orders, Decorations and Medals
Lot: 67

A rare campaign group of four awarded to Boatswain's Mate J. J. Bates, Royal Navy

Baltic 1854-55 (J. Bates H.M.S. Stromboli); Crimea 1854-56, 2 clasps, Sebastopol, Azoff (J. Bates H.M.S. Stromboli); China 1857-60, 3 clasps, Canton 1857, Taku Forts 1858, Taku Forts 1860 (J. Bates H.M.S. Stromboli); Turkish Crimea 1855, British issue (J. Bates H.M.S. Stromboli), all four with the same contemporary engraved naming, contact marks, very fine (4)

Provenance:
Sotheby's, January 1969 (when sold alongside the Q.S.A. Medal awarded to his son, Leading Seaman G. E. Bates, who served aboard H.M.S. Terrible).
Douglas-Morris Collection, DNW, October 1996 (since when a copy 'Balaklava' clasp to which he is not entitled has been removed).

James Joseph Bates was born on 10 November 1836 at Woolwich, Kent. He joined the Royal Navy as a Boy 1st Class on 29 December 1853 and joined Stromboli on Valentine's Day (14 February) 1854, aged 17 years. He served with this rating in the Baltic (Medal - which was 'Delivered on Board') and then in Crimea and Sea of Azoff (Medal & 2 clasps - which was 'Delivered on Board').

Having served in the Baltic operations, it then formed part of the Flying Squadron which operated in the Sea of Azoff. An article in Spink Insider sets the scene:

'The Sea of Azoff lies to the north east of the Black Sea and is connected to it only by the narrow Straits of Kertch and Yenikale. Extending for about 90 miles north to south and 190 east to west, it is notoriously one of the shallowest seas on earth, the water only a few feet deep in most places, but it was nevertheless an important supply line for Russian forces, allowing the passage of men, materiel and supplies from other parts of the Russian Empire to the forces in the Caucasus and Crimea. All around the sea were fishing villages, farms, small ship yards and ports whose supplies of food and goods, especially fish, hay, grain, tar and timber, were of great importance to the Russian war effort. Its most important port was Rostov, but coastal towns like Azov, Taganrog, Mariaupol, Gheisk, Genitichi and Berdiansk were also locally significant as ports and producers of foodstuffs.

While the land campaign “before Sebastopol” was being waged in the winter of 1854 and the summer of 1855, early consideration was given to an attack on the ports of the Sea of Azoff. However, not until May 1855, when the siege of Sebastopol seemed to settling into something of a stalemate, was a serious expedition launched into the Sea. A large-scale Anglo-French naval force was ordered into the Straits of Kertch, carrying French and British troops intended to seize the major towns of Kertch and Yenikale, which they quickly and easily did; the Russians offered hardly any resistance and chose instead to destroy their fortifications and retreat inland.

The large warship fleet and its landing parties having secured the access point to the Sea, it was now time to unleash the squadron which was to operate within its shores throughout the summer of 1855. Because the Sea of Azoff is so shallow – especially around its actual coastline – no major British warships could operate within its limits. Therefore, a powerful squadron of smaller screw and paddle-steamers, “gunboats” requiring less depth of water, was sent into the Sea. This “Flying Squadron” initially comprised the Miranda, Vesuvius, Stromboli, Medina, Ardent, Arrow, Beagle, Lynx, Snake, Swallow, Viper, Wrangler and Curlew, with five French steamers in support. Their commander was the dynamic Captain Edmund Mowbray Lyons – the son of the commander of the British fleet in the Black Sea – and already well-known for his exploits in Miranda around Kola in the White Sea. Because these were smaller warships with small crews, many of their commanders were young men, often no more than Lieutenants, anxious to make a name for themselves and given considerable opportunity to show their powers of initiative and command.'

Between May and November 1855, these allied warships, sometimes in ones and twos and sometimes acting together in larger groups, simply wrought havoc along the coasts of the Sea of Azoff. They quickly halted all seaborne trade and fishing within the Sea, stopping and seizing any Russian vessels running between the coastal towns. In just three days of patrolling – the very first days of the allied invasion of the Sea – Lyons’ ships destroyed over two hundred enemy vessels, ninety on 29th May alone. The small Russian warship squadron at Kertch fled into the Sea, where it was scuttled and the Russian “Azov Squadron” never ventured to sea to challenge what then happened. All along the coast the major towns were “visited” – some of them repeatedly over the summer months – and anything deemed to be a worthy target lying along the shore was attacked and (usually) destroyed.'

One such worthy target was Marionpol, when Bates may have been employed as a Bluejacket for the 'commando' style raid. On 31 August 1855 however, the British would run head on into grouped Russian troops, armed to the teeth and ready for action. On that famous occasion Seaman Kellaway won himself the Victoria Cross.

Bates continued to serve as an Able Seaman aboard Furious in the China campaign, when she was sent with a group of fourteen gunboats to support the China Station. She reached Hong Kong after coming through a severe gale and typhoon, in which one of the heavy guns had to be thrown overboard, and the mizenmast cut away. After refitting the ship conveyed Marines to Shanghai, where she remained for some time as senior officer's ship. She afterwards proceeded to Talianwhan Bay, where she joined the allied Fleets bound to the Peiho, off which river she remained during the subsequent operations. After the capture of Pekin, the Furious returned to Shanghai, and conveyed Mr. Bruce to the Peiho. This service performed, the Furious, in company with the Watchful gunboat, was frozen up in the Pee-chee-lee Gulf, some 30 miles from the land, but got into rather close proximity to the Sha-lin-tien bank, steam was got up and a passage made through the ice after three days spent in charging the ice ahead at full speed, and backing astern alternately. On her arrival at Shanghai, after her escape from the ice off the Peiho, she received her final orders for England, calling in at Hong Kong to refit for the voyage, and taking in a number of large cases containing valuable presents from the Emperor of Japan to Queen Victoria, which were landed from the ship at Portsmouth and forwarded to Buckingham Palace unopened, under a special Treasury Order to that effect. The boilers and coal-bunkers of the Furious, as a natural result of her long service under steam, are completely worn out, while her engines require a thorough overhaul and repair.

Bates was promoted to Acting Boatswain 3rd Class and finally Boatswain's Mate in August 1868.

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Sold for
£2,400

Starting price
£480